Dependența universităților de fondurile federale

De peste opt decenii, universitățile americane și guvernul federal s-au împletit într-o relație din ce în ce mai strânsă.

Statele Unite au dorit să construiască cele mai puternice bombe și să vindece cele mai grave boli. Au vrut să fie primele care explorează marginile exterioare ale sistemului solar. Au vrut să cultive culturi mai eficiente. Și astfel, au oferit milioane, apoi miliarde, cercetătorilor de la universități din întreaga țară — în Cambridge, Mass., și Berkeley, Calif., dar și în Minnesota, Indiana și Mississippi.

Școlile au luat banii. Au construit cele mai bune laboratoare și au atras profesori și studenți de top din întreaga lume. De asemenea, au devenit din ce în ce mai mult și, la început, oarecum cu teamă, dependente de capriciile politicienilor din Washington.

Acum, această înțelegere reciproc avantajoasă a început să se destrame. Președintele Trump și mulți republicani spun că vor folosi amenințarea unor reduceri profunde de finanțare pentru a înfrâna activismul progresist scăpat de sub control din campusuri, despre care cred că a îndepărtat universitățile de la misiunea lor de a educa și de a forma cetățeni mai buni. Având în vedere că încrederea în învățământul superior este în scădere în rândul americanilor, președintele crede, de asemenea, că are opinia publică de partea sa.

Dar, pe măsură ce administrația Trump începe să taie — inclusiv un anunț că va retrage 2,2 miliarde de dolari în granturi multianuale de la Universitatea Harvard săptămâna aceasta — viitorul parteneriatului care a transformat universitatea americană de cercetare în motorul mondial al inovației științifice este departe de a fi sigur.

Nașterea universității moderne de cercetare

Universitățile americane au cheltuit 60 de miliarde de dolari din bani federali pentru cercetare și dezvoltare numai în anul fiscal 2023. Aceasta este de peste 30 de ori mai mult decât ceea ce au cheltuit la începutul anilor 1950, ajustat cu inflația, când sistemul universitar de cercetare abia începea să crească în vasta industrie care este astăzi.

Sub analiză Zece universități vizate de Grupul de lucru federal pentru combaterea antisemitismului.

Finanțare federală pentru cercetare și
dezvoltare

Cota din cheltuielile de cercetare
ale universității

Școală

• Universitatea Johns Hopkins
• 3,3 miliarde de dolari
• 87%

• Universitatea Columbia
• 989 milioane de dolari
• 74%

• Universitatea California, Los Angeles
• 879 milioane de dolari
• 51%

• Universitatea New York
• 787 milioane de dolari
• 54%

• Universitatea Minnesota
• 702 milioane de dolari
• 53%

• Universitatea California de Sud
• 684 milioane de dolari
• 59%

• Universitatea Northwestern
• 678 milioane de dolari
• 61%

• Universitatea Harvard
• 640 milioane de dolari
• 45%

• Universitatea California, Berkeley
• 496 milioane de dolari
• 46%

• Universitatea George Washington
• 163 milioane de dolari
• 45%

Finanțare federală pentru cercetare și
dezvoltare

Cota din cheltuielile de cercetare
ale universității

Școală

• U. Johns Hopkins
• 3,3 miliarde de dolari
• 87%

• U. Columbia
• 989 milioane de dolari
• 74%

• U. Calif., Los Angeles
• 879 milioane de dolari
• 51%

• U. New York
• 787 milioane de dolari
• 54%

• U. Minn.
• 702 milioane de dolari
• 53%

• U. California de Sud
• 684 milioane de dolari
• 59%

• U. Northwestern
• 678 milioane de dolari
• 61%

• U. Harvard
• 640 milioane de dolari
• 45%

• U. Calif., Berkeley
• 496 milioane de dolari
• 46%

• U. Geo. Washington
• 163 milioane de dolari
• 45%

Finanțare federală pentru cercetare și
dezvoltare

Cota din cheltuielile de cercetare
ale universității

Școală

• U. Johns Hopkins
• 3,3 miliarde de dolari
• 87%

• U. Columbia
• 989 milioane de dolari
• 74%

• Univ. Calif., Los Angeles
• 879 milioane de dolari
• 51%

• Universitatea New York
• 787 milioane de dolari
• 54%

• Univ. Minn.
• 702 milioane de dolari
• 53%

• Univ. Southern Calif.
• 684 milioane de dolari
• 59%

• Northwestern Univ.
• 678 milioane de dolari
• 61%

• Harvard Univ.
• 640 milioane de dolari
• 45%

• Univ. Calif., Berkeley
• 496 milioane de dolari
• 46%

• Geo. Washington Univ.
• 163 milioane de dolari
• 45%

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Source: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Numbers are for fiscal year 2023. University of Minnesota numbers are for the Twin Cities campus.

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left: 0.0216%; width: 129px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Harvard University</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-26\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 77.9132%; margin-top: -11.8px; right: 46.2915%; width: 96px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$640 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-27\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 77.8933%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 25.1558%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">45%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-28\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6964%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.0216%; width: 212px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">University of California, Berkeley</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-29\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6964%; margin-top: -11.8px; right: 46.2915%; width: 96px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$496 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-30\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6765%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 24.7165%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">46%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-31\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4797%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.0216%; width: 199px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">George Washington University</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-32\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4797%; margin-top: -11.8px; right: 46.2915%; width: 96px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$163 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai0-33\"\n class=\"g-text g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4598%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 25.1558%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">45%</p>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n <!-- Artboard: 335 -->\n <div\n id=\"g-table-335\"\n class=\"g-artboard\"\n style=\"max-width: 335px; max-height: 285px\"\n data-aspect-ratio=\"1.177\"\n data-min-width=\"0\"\n data-max-width=\"449\"\n >\n <div style=\"padding: 0 0 84.9647% 0\"></div>\n <img\n id=\"g-table-335-img\"\n class=\"g-table-img g-aiImg\"\n alt=\"\"\n data-src=\"…\"\n src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCgAKAIAAAB8fHwAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAKAAoAAAIIhI+py+0PYysAOw==\"\n />\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-1\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 5.3559%; margin-top: -16.2px; right: 39.9093%; width: 150px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle0\">Federal research and</p>\n <p class=\"g-pstyle0\">development funding</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-2\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 5.3559%; margin-top: -16.2px; left: 63.055%; width: 145px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle1\">Share of university&rsquo;s</p>\n <p class=\"g-pstyle1\">research spending</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-3\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 8.1666%; margin-top: -8.2px; left: -0.1041%; width: 63px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle1\">School</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-4\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 16.4302%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 124px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Johns Hopkins U.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-5\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 16.4237%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 40.1309%; width: 83px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$3.3 billion</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-6\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 16.4103%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 6.1856%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">87%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-7\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 25.2135%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 94px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Columbia U.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-8\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 25.207%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$989 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-9\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 25.1936%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 11.0113%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">74%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-10\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 34.3481%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 146px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">U. Calif., Los Angeles</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-11\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 34.3416%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$879 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-12\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 33.9769%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 19.4114%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">51%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-13\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 42.78%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 95px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">New York U.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-14\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 42.7735%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$787 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-15\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 42.7601%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 18.4363%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">54%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-16\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 51.5633%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 72px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">U. Minn.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-17\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 51.9081%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$702 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-18\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 51.5434%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 18.8074%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">53%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-19\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 60.3466%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 126px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">U. Southern Calif.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-20\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 60.6914%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$684 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-21\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 60.3267%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 16.5803%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">59%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-22\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 69.1299%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 118px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Northwestern U.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-23\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 69.4747%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$678 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-24\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 69.11%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 15.8375%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">61%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-25\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 77.9132%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 85px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Harvard U.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-26\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 78.258%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$640 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-27\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 77.8933%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 21.7776%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">45%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-28\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6964%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 127px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">U. Calif., Berkeley</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-29\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 87.0412%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$496 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-30\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6765%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 21.4065%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">46%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-31\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4797%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: -0.1041%; width: 140px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Geo. Washington U.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-32\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.8245%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 39.9781%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$163 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai1-33\"\n class=\"g-text_copy g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4598%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 21.7776%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">45%</p>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n <!-- Artboard: 450 -->\n <div\n id=\"g-table-450\"\n class=\"g-artboard\"\n style=\"width: 450px; height: 284.631805579406px\"\n data-aspect-ratio=\"1.581\"\n data-min-width=\"450\"\n data-max-width=\"599\"\n >\n <div style=\"\"></div>\n <img\n id=\"g-table-450-img\"\n class=\"g-table-img g-aiImg\"\n alt=\"\"\n data-src=\"…\"\n src=\"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCgAKAIAAAB8fHwAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAKAAoAAAIIhI+py+0PYysAOw==\"\n />\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-1\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 5.3559%; margin-top: -16.2px; right: 46.6908%; width: 150px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle0\">Federal research and</p>\n <p class=\"g-pstyle0\">development funding</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-2\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 5.3559%; margin-top: -16.2px; left: 55.9603%; width: 145px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle1\">Share of university&rsquo;s</p>\n <p class=\"g-pstyle1\">research spending</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-3\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 8.1666%; margin-top: -8.2px; left: 0.053%; width: 63px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle1\">School</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-4\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 16.4302%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 140px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Johns Hopkins Univ.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-5\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 16.4237%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.8557%; width: 83px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$3.3 billion</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-6\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 16.4103%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 7.2289%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">87%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-7\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 25.2135%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 111px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Columbia Univ.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-8\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 25.207%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$989 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-9\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 25.1936%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 12.9768%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">74%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-10\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 34.3481%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 163px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Univ. Calif., Los Angeles</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-11\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 34.3416%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$879 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-12\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 33.9769%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 22.9829%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">51%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-13\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 42.78%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 139px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">New York University</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-14\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 42.7735%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$787 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-15\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 42.7601%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 21.8214%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">54%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-16\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 51.5633%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 89px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Univ. Minn.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-17\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 51.9081%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$702 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-18\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 51.5434%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 22.2632%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">53%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-19\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 60.3466%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 143px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Univ. Southern Calif.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-20\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 60.6914%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$684 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-21\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 60.3267%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 19.6105%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">59%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-22\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 69.1299%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 135px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Northwestern Univ.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-23\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 69.4747%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$678 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-24\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 69.11%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 18.7259%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">61%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-25\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 77.9132%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 102px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Harvard Univ.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-26\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 78.258%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$640 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-27\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 77.8933%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 25.8014%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">45%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-28\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6964%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 144px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Univ. Calif., Berkeley</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-29\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 87.0412%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$496 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-30\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 86.6765%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 25.3592%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">46%</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-31\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4797%; margin-top: -11.8px; left: 0.053%; width: 156px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle2\">Geo. Washington Univ.</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-32\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.8245%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 46.742%; width: 91px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle3\">$163 million</p>\n </div>\n <div\n id=\"g-ai2-33\"\n class=\"g-text_copy_2 g-aiAbs g-aiPointText\"\n style=\"top: 95.4598%; margin-top: -11.7px; right: 25.8014%; width: 44px\"\n >\n <p class=\"g-pstyle4\">45%</p>\n </div>\n </div>\n</div>\n\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n (function (containerId, opts) {\n var nameSpace = opts.namespace || '';\n var containers = findContainers(containerId);\n containers.forEach(resize);\n\n function resize(container) {\n var onResize = throttle(update, 200);\n var waiting = !!window.IntersectionObserver;\n var observer;\n update();\n\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', update);\n window.addEventListener('resize', onResize);\n\n // NYT Scoop-specific code\n if (opts.setup) {\n opts.setup(container).on('cleanup', cleanup);\n }\n\n function cleanup() {\n document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', update);\n window.removeEventListener('resize', onResize);\n if (observer) observer.disconnect();\n }\n\n function update() {\n var artboards = selectChildren('.' + nameSpace + 'artboard[data-min-width]', container),\n width = Math.round(container.getBoundingClientRect().width);\n\n // Set artboard visibility based on container width\n artboards.forEach(function (el) {\n var minwidth = el.getAttribute('data-min-width'),\n maxwidth = el.getAttribute('data-max-width');\n if (+minwidth <= width && (+maxwidth >= width || maxwidth === null)) {\n if (!waiting) {\n selectChildren('.' + nameSpace + 'aiImg', el).forEach(updateImgSrc);\n selectChildren('video', el).forEach(updateVideoSrc);\n }\n el.style.display = 'block';\n } else {\n el.style.display = 'none';\n }\n });\n\n // Initialize lazy loading on first call\n if (waiting && !observer) {\n if (elementInView(container)) {\n waiting = false;\n update();\n } else {\n observer = new IntersectionObserver(onIntersectionChange, { rootMargin: '800px' });\n observer.observe(container);\n }\n }\n }\n\n function onIntersectionChange(entries) {\n // There may be multiple entries relating to the same container\n // (captured at different times)\n var isIntersecting = entries.reduce(function (memo, entry) {\n return memo || entry.isIntersecting;\n }, false);\n if (isIntersecting) {\n waiting = false;\n // update: don't remove -- we need the observer to trigger an update\n // when a hidden map becomes visible after user interaction\n // (e.g. when an accordion menu or tab opens)\n // observer.disconnect();\n // observer = null;\n update();\n }\n }\n }\n\n function findContainers(id) {\n // support duplicate ids on the page\n return selectChildren('.ai2-responsive', document).filter(function (el) {\n if (el.getAttribute('id') != id) return false;\n if (el.classList.contains('ai2-resizer')) return false;\n el.classList.add('ai2-resizer');\n return true;\n });\n }\n\n // Replace blank placeholder image with actual image\n function updateImgSrc(img) {\n var src = img.getAttribute('data-src');\n if (src && img.getAttribute('src') != src) {\n img.setAttribute('src', src);\n }\n }\n\n function updateVideoSrc(el) {\n var src = el.getAttribute('data-src');\n if (src && !el.hasAttribute('src')) {\n el.setAttribute('src', src);\n }\n }\n\n function elementInView(el) {\n var bounds = el.getBoundingClientRect();\n return bounds.top < window.innerHeight && bounds.bottom > 0;\n }\n\n function selectChildren(selector, parent) {\n return parent ? 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Johns Hopkins University is at the top, with $3.3 billion in federal funding.",label:"",source:"Source: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Numbers are for fiscal year 2023. University of Minnesota numbers are for the Twin Cities campus.",note:"",credit:"",textAlign:"left",maxWidth:"800px",marginInline:true,marginBlock:true,footerMaxWidth:"body"}}],theme:"news",sheets:{}},"uses":{"url":1}}],
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